Written by \u00der\u00e1inn Hj\u00e1lmarsson
\nmi\u00f0vikudagur, 12 n\u00f3vember 2008<\/p>\n
WFS Sonolog\u00edu-t\u00f3nleikar \u00ed Scheltema Complex \u00ed Leiden \u00feri\u00f0judagskv\u00f6ldi\u00f0 11. n\u00f3vember 2008<\/p>\n
S\u00f3n\u00f3l\u00f3g\u00edu-t\u00f3nleikarnir a\u00f0 \u00feessu sinni voru Wave-Field Synthesis t\u00f3nleikar (WFS) sem n\u00fdtir n\u00fdja(n\u00fdlega) hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i og t\u00e6kni \u00ed \u00fatsetningu \u00e1 r\u00fdmi \u00ed raft\u00f3nlist. \u00c1 dagskr\u00e1 voru fimm verk eftir Ji Youn Kang, Fedde ten Berge, Kees Tazelaar, Olivier Messiaen og Wim Boogman.<\/p>\n
Fyrst v\u00e6ri sni\u00f0ugast a\u00f0 \u00fatsk\u00fdra \u00feessa n\u00fdju hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i\/\u00fatsetningu sem er a\u00f0 baki Wave Field Synthesis. \u00cd WFS- kerfinu sem er \u00ed Leiden eru 192 h\u00e1talarar sta\u00f0settir \u00ed ferhyrning \u00ed r\u00fdmi. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 kynna s\u00e9r kerfi\u00f0 h\u00e9r ( http:\/\/www.gameoflife.nl\/content.htm ) og n\u00fdja repertoire-i\u00f0.
\nEn sums\u00e9, \u00feessi t\u00e6kni sn\u00fdst \u00fat\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 imitera eftir fjarr\u00e6nni hlj\u00f3\u00f0uppsprettu og eru \u00fatreikna\u00f0ir “fasar” hlj\u00f3\u00f0bylgjurnar svo a\u00f0 \u00feegar vi\u00f0 summu \u00fea\u00f0 saman me\u00f0 eyrunum finnst okkur sta\u00f0setningin vera g\u00edfurlega n\u00e1kv\u00e6m, \u00feetta er mun sterkari upplifun en stereo-skuggi. \u00deetta er ekki \u00f3svipa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00feegar vi\u00f0 heyrum efstu t\u00f3na spectra, samanlagt gefa \u00feeir tilfinningu fyrir r\u00f3tart\u00f3ni, en \u00fea\u00f0 er l\u00edka h\u00e1\u00f0 hversu margir yfirt\u00f3nar vi\u00f0 heyrum, \u00fev\u00ed l\u00edkara ver\u00f0ur \u00feetta uppsprettunni. \u00deetta er ekki \u00f3svipa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 lesa meira um Wave-Field Synthesis \u00e1 Wikipedia ( http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wave_field_synthesis )<\/p>\n
R\u00fdmi\u00f0 sem kerfi\u00f0 er sta\u00f0sett \u00ed er frekar \u00feurrt r\u00fdmi en \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed raun aukaatri\u00f0i fyrir upplifun.<\/p>\n
Fyrsta verki\u00f0 voru tveir kaflar \u00far Olivier Messiaen orgelstykkinu Livre du Saint Sacrament sem var tilraun Erlangen-Nuremberg h\u00e1sk\u00f3lans me\u00f0 tilraunir me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skapa r\u00fdmi inn\u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru r\u00fdmi, nota\u00f0ir voru 18 m\u00edkr\u00f3f\u00f3nar inn\u00ed \u00de\u00fdskri kirkju og var t\u00f3nleikunum streymt beint inn\u00ed \u00e1horfendasal \u00ed sk\u00f3lanum. \u00c6tlunin var a\u00f0 b\u00faa til kirkjur\u00fdmi\u00f0 me\u00f0 hj\u00e1lp t\u00e6kninnar. Uppt\u00f6kunum af \u00feeim t\u00f3nleikum var svo leiki\u00f0 fyrir okkur hin \u00ed 192 WFS-kerfinu, \u00e9g tek \u00fea\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00de\u00fdska WFS-kerfinu eru um 2400 h\u00e1talarar (man ekki alveg hversu margir) svo \u00feetta \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera sm\u00e1 munur. \u00deetta er einkennileg upplifun og er nokku\u00f0 langt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3ma einsog “2-8…ad inf.”-punkta kerfi. \u00deetta gefur virkilega sterka s\u00fdn \u00e1 r\u00fdmi\u00f0 sem verki\u00f0 var flutt, \u00e9g a\u00f0 v\u00edsu sneri baki \u00ed “orgeli\u00f0”, \u00fea\u00f0 er kannski eitt skr\u00fdti\u00f0 en skemmtilegt er a\u00f0 s\u00e6tar\u00f6\u00f0unin er random, st\u00f3larnir sn\u00faa \u00ed einhverja \u00e1tt (engin \u00feungami\u00f0ja \u00ed r\u00fdminu).<\/p>\n
Fyrsta verki\u00f0 sem var sami\u00f0 fyrir \u00feessa t\u00e6kni var eftir a\u00f0 \u00e9g held kennara sonolog\u00edunnar Kees Tazelaar, sem \u00e1tt nokku\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0a spretti sem a\u00f0 n\u00fdtti s\u00e9r t\u00e6knina, \u00fea\u00f0 kom m\u00e9r reyndar \u00e1 \u00f3vart hva\u00f0 hann studdist vi\u00f0 “gamlan”-hlj\u00f3\u00f0heim, sumt af \u00fev\u00ed sem hann var a\u00f0 p\u00falla er einkennandi fyrir elektr\u00f3n\u00edsk verk Dicks Raaijmakers, me\u00f0 alls konar filteru\u00f0u noise-i. En m\u00fas\u00edklega fannst m\u00e9r verki\u00f0 stranda heldur snemma, verki\u00f0 heitir Crosstalks-B og bygg\u00f0i \u00e1 hlj\u00f3\u00f0m\u00f3n\u00f3d\u00edu og virka\u00f0i nokku\u00f0 \u00feurrt \u00fear sem \u00feetta voru j\u00fa hlj\u00f3\u00f0 sem birtust og f\u00f3ru \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 veita einhverja s\u00fdn \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 frekar.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 vanta\u00f0i pr\u00f3grammn\u00f3tur fyrir \u00e1horfendur en verkin voru r\u00e6kilega kynnt fyrir \u00e1horfendum en n\u00f6fnin gleymdust jafn\u00f3\u00f0um.<\/p>\n
\u00feri\u00f0ja verki\u00f0 byrja\u00f0i \u00e1 heljarinnar r\u00e6\u00f0u um hugsunina \u00e1 bakvi\u00f0 verki\u00f0, stu\u00f0st er vi\u00f0 \u00fatreikninga af stj\u00f6rnu sem heitir HD200-eitthva\u00f0 og nota\u00f0ar eru ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur af \u00fev\u00ed sem berst fr\u00e1 stj\u00f6rnunni, \u00fea\u00f0 eru 6 mismunandi bylgjur sem koma fr\u00e1 henni og eru bylgjurnar h\u00e6kka\u00f0ar um 22 \u00e1ttundir og birtast okkur sem flatt Es, einnig sty\u00f0st pseudo-slagverksleikarinn vi\u00f0 22 “glerkennd”-hlj\u00f3\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00f3tr\u00falegt hva\u00f0 m\u00e9r fannst vera virkilega einhver a\u00f0 leika \u00e1 slagverk \u00ed einu horninu, hlj\u00f3\u00f0in endurkasta\u00f0ist og allt innan kerfisins. L\u00edkt og “pr\u00f3grammi\u00f0” sem h\u00f6fundurinn gaf af verkinu er mi\u00f0ja kerfisins virkilega sta\u00f0setning innan stj\u00f6rnu og vi\u00f0 heyrum ferli\u00f0 a\u00f0 innan \u00feegar stjarnan dregst saman og hel\u00edum-agnirnar breytast \u00ed m\u00e1lm. Hlustun \u00e1 verki\u00f0 var nokku\u00f0 \u00e6\u00f0isleg, frekar \u00f3m\u00fas\u00edklegt og \u00ed sta\u00f0inn frekar pseudo-vitnisbur\u00f0ur. \u00c9g hef\u00f0i ekki muna\u00f0 eftir verkinu hef\u00f0i hann ekki haldi\u00f0 \u00feessa r\u00e6\u00f0u um verki\u00f0, svo \u00e9g tek \u00fea\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 listar\u00fankstal er virkilega hj\u00e1lplegt upp\u00e1 minni a\u00f0 gera.<\/p>\n
Fj\u00f3r\u00f0a verki\u00f0 var eftir nemanda s\u00f3n\u00f3l\u00f3g\u00edunnar (\u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum verkum h\u00f6f\u00f0u nemendur bara hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0 til) sem var virkilega \u00e6silegt og s\u00fdndi virkilega fram \u00e1 hva\u00f0 kerfi\u00f0 hefur fram a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra, \u00fea\u00f0 sama \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um lokaverki\u00f0 sem var eftir Ji Youn Kang sem studdist vi\u00f0 Su\u00f0ur-K\u00f3re\u00edska ath\u00f6fn og var einhvers konar t\u00falkun \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00f6llu saman, hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 sterkari ef ma\u00f0ur \u00feekkti ath\u00f6fnina sem a\u00f0 l\u00fdsir s\u00e9r \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 menn sl\u00e1tra fullt af d\u00fdrum og skera sig en bl\u00e6\u00f0a \u00fe\u00f3 ekki af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er einhver trans-\u00ed gangi (n\u00e1\u00f0i \u00feessu ekki alveg) en \u00e6tlun verksins var a\u00f0 umbreyta \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1standi sem skapast vi\u00f0 \u00feessar athafnir og koma \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed hlj\u00f3\u00f0verk (WFS-verk)<\/p>\n
Allar klisjur um hreyfingu hlj\u00f3\u00f0s sem \u00e9g l\u00fd\u00f0 mj\u00f6g illa \u00ed punktahlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfum vildi \u00e9g satt best a\u00f0 segja heyra meira af \u00ed \u00feessu kerfi, \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed raun var \u00feetta lyginni l\u00edkast, en \u00fe\u00f3 stend \u00e9g enn \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed og segi eitthva\u00f0 l\u00edkt \u00fev\u00ed sem Hindemith hefur sagt um hluti. “Spatialisation of a sound is for no musical purposes” (svo getur f\u00f3lk t\u00falka\u00f0 musical-purpose efti \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00fea\u00f0 vill).
\n\u00c9g sit enn\u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1 \u00feeirri sko\u00f0un a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er n\u00e6stum \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 geta gert einhvers konar megin\u00feema hluta og sem parameter sta\u00f0setning hlj\u00f3\u00f0a en engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur getur sta\u00f0setning hlj\u00f3\u00f0uppspretta haft mikil \u00e1hrif \u00e1 hversu margar uppl\u00fdsingar er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 m\u00f3ttaka \u00ed einu (Channel capacity \u00ed communication theory-unni). En \u00feessa sko\u00f0un \u00fearf kannski a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a eftir a\u00f0 hafa kynnst \u00feessu skr\u00edmsli. S\u00ed\u00f0an spyr ma\u00f0ur sig, hva\u00f0 var Stockhausen a\u00f0 dr\u00f6slast me\u00f0 8-punkta kerfi \u00ed Cosmic Pulses?<\/p>\n
-\u00deH<\/p>\n
Get v\u00edst ekki svara\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e9r Steini me\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundnu kommenti en h\u00e9r er eitthva\u00f0 sem \u00e9g vildi svara:<\/p>\n
J\u00e1m, \u00feetta er kalla\u00f0 synthesa af \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00fa gr\u00edpur inn\u00ed ferli fr\u00e1 hlj\u00f3\u00f0uppsprettu og er h\u00fan samsett \u00far \u00f6llum \u00feessum fj\u00f6lda h\u00e1talara, \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fatreikna\u00f0ur fasa og db munur fr\u00e1 “uppsprettunni” og h\u00fan birt \u00ed \u00f6llum \u00feessum h\u00e1talara, \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00feetta er synthesa. H\u00e9r er mynd: http:\/\/recherche.ircam.fr\/equipes\/salles\/WFS_WEBSITE\/images\/WFS2violins.gif
\n\u00dea\u00f0 er k\u00f3m\u00edskt hva\u00f0 \u00feessi Hindemith tilvitnun m\u00edn getur aldrei virka\u00f0 \u00ed neinu samhengi, \u00e9g hef margoft reynt a\u00f0 nota \u00feessa tilvitnun en ekki virka\u00f0, \u00feetta er meira fyndni a\u00f0 vilja \u00edtreka\u00f0 vitna \u00ed Hindemith. Tilvitnunin \u00e1 a\u00f0 s\u00fdna \u00fer\u00f6ngs\u00fdni um m\u00f6gulegan tilgang \u00feessa parameters sem t\u00f3nsm\u00ed\u00f0aefni.
\n\u00dea\u00f0 ganga s\u00f6gur um a\u00f0 best heppna\u00f0a verki\u00f0 fyrir WFS-kerfi\u00f0 \u00ed Leiden s\u00e9 verk fyrir 6 p\u00edan\u00f3 sem voru misdreif\u00f0 yfir r\u00fdmi\u00f0, ekkert fl\u00f3knara en \u00fea\u00f0. Engir galdrar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Written by \u00der\u00e1inn Hj\u00e1lmarsson mi\u00f0vikudagur, 12 n\u00f3vember 2008 WFS Sonolog\u00edu-t\u00f3nleikar \u00ed Scheltema Complex \u00ed Leiden \u00feri\u00f0judagskv\u00f6ldi\u00f0 11. n\u00f3vember 2008 S\u00f3n\u00f3l\u00f3g\u00edu-t\u00f3nleikarnir a\u00f0 \u00feessu sinni voru Wave-Field Synthesis t\u00f3nleikar (WFS) sem n\u00fdtir n\u00fdja(n\u00fdlega) hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i og t\u00e6kni \u00ed \u00fatsetningu \u00e1 r\u00fdmi \u00ed raft\u00f3nlist. \u00c1 dagskr\u00e1 voru fimm verk eftir Ji Youn Kang, Fedde ten Berge, Kees Tazelaar, Olivier […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slatur.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slatur.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slatur.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slatur.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slatur.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=346"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.slatur.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":347,"href":"https:\/\/www.slatur.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346\/revisions\/347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slatur.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slatur.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slatur.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}